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ORIGIN: The Baja California Peninsula vegetation is conformed by a mixture of floristic. FLORISTIC REGIONS: The State of Baja California includes two fitogeographics regions: the Californian region, also named Mediterranean region and the Central Desert region also named Sonorense Dessert. Californian or Mediterranean Region : It occupies the northwest side of the State, it limits is from the the International border with the United States of America to the height of El Rosario, Baja California, and of the coast of the Pacific to the mountain ranges of Juárez and San Pedro Martir, in addition to Guadalupe Island. It has a Mediterranean climate, with winters moderately humid temperings to us and, alternate with dry and warm summers. This floristic region count with approximately 795 sorts and 4.452 species of native plants , the vegetal communities in this region are: salt marshes, dunes, coastal, chaparral scrub and confer forest . Dunes The dunes are distributed throughout the Pacific coasts and the Gulf of California. The Dune vegetation characterizes itself by the singular of its communities and the high degree of endemism, the plants are small and succulent. Coniferous Desert This vegetation is located mainly in high climate mountains cold-tempered of the peninsula, and its greater occurrence is in the North end, both occupying main mountainous bulks of the State, the mountain ranges of Juárez and San Pedro Martir. The Mountain range of Juárez is the wooded but extensive zone of the organization, with a forest surface of 342.113 has, where the 94,3 percent corresponds to species of pines. Salt Marshes The vegetation of salt marshes is throughout the coasts of Baja California, in the zones of flood of the matting, estuaries and coastal lagoons. It is characterized by plants not very high and often succulent, the present species are adapted to the changes of salinity of the ground. Coastal Scrub The east type of vegetation appears in discontinuous form throughout the coast of the Pacific, from the International border to El Rosario, and it is considered one transition between the desert vegetation and the chaparral. Chaparral The chaparral is characterized by always green bushes, of deeps roots, small and hard leaves that support periods of extreme drought Northwest Desert Region Around the 70 percent of the Peninsula of Baja California comprises of the Sonorense Desert, this region is divided in four vegetal communities, of which single three are present in the organization. It is one of the most barren regions, by its little precipitation, low humidity of the ground and a high percentage of sunny days. The traditional uses of the vegetation in Baja California are barely known, nevertheless, the knowledge of the indigenous groups, through the oral traditions by generations, in relation to the healing properties, nutritional and textile of the region plants. Of a total of 450 species catalogued like of economic importance at national level, 211 are in Baja California, of which 47 percents are eatable, the 29 percent is medicinal, the 10 are forrajeras, the 10 with industrialists and the 4 percent is used for other uses. |
